Ceramic materials refer to a class of inorganic non-metallic materials made of natural or synthetic compounds through molding and high-temperature sintering. It has the advantages of high melting point, high hardness, high wear resistance, corrosion resistance, etc., and can be used as structural materials, tool materials, etc. Ceramic material is the material with the best rigidity and the highest hardness among engineering materials, and its hardness is mostly above 1100HV. Ceramics have high compressive strength, but low tensile strength, poor plasticity and toughness. Ceramic materials generally have a high melting point (mostly above 1500°C), and have excellent chemical stability at high temperatures; the thermal conductivity of ceramics is lower than that of metal materials, and ceramics are still good high temperature resistant materials. At the same time, the coefficient of linear expansion of ceramics is lower than that of metals, and ceramics have good dimensional stability when the temperature changes.
Most ceramics have good electrical insulation, so they are widely used to make insulating devices of various voltages (1kV~110kV).
Ceramic materials are not easily oxidized at high temperatures, and have good corrosion resistance to acids, alkalis, and salts.
Ceramic materials also have unique optical properties and can be used as solid-state laser materials, optical fiber materials, optical storage, etc. Transparent ceramics can be used for high-pressure sodium lamps, etc.
There are many kinds of ceramic products, we mainly research on the following ceramic products and provide corresponding scientific research series products:
Alumina ceramics is a ceramic material mainly composed of Al2O3, which can be divided into high-purity type and ordinary type. High-purity alumina ceramics are ceramic materials with an Al2O3 content of more than 99.9%. Because its sintering temperature is as high as 1650-1990 °C and the transmission wavelength is 1-6 μm, it can be used as an integrated circuit substrate and high-frequency insulating material in the electronics industry. Ordinary alumina ceramics are divided into 99 porcelain, 95 porcelain, 90 porcelain, 85 porcelain and other varieties according to the Al2O3 content. Sometimes those with Al2O3 content of 80% or 75% are also classified as ordinary alumina ceramic series. Among them, 99 alumina porcelain materials are used to make high-temperature crucibles, refractory furnace tubes and special wear-resistant materials, such as ceramic bearings, ceramic seals and water valve plates, etc.; 95 alumina porcelain is mainly used as corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant parts; 85 porcelain is often mixed with some talc, which improves the electrical properties and mechanical strength, and can be sealed with molybdenum, niobium, tantalum and other metals, and some are used for electric vacuum Devices.
Zirconia ceramics is another high-performance ceramic raw material, which is white, yellow or gray when it contains impurities, and generally contains HfO2, which is not easy to separate. There are three crystal states of pure ZrO2 under normal pressure. The production of zirconia ceramics requires the preparation of powders with high purity, good dispersibility, ultrafine particles and narrow particle size distribution. The use of zirconia exceeds that of alumina because its toughness makes it more resistant to cracking, and the particles of zirconia are smaller, which makes the surface of products made of it more rounded and makes it suitable for making knives , pistons, bearing products, and even gorgeous jewelry products. Ultra-fine zirconia can be used in the production of watches. After the powder is pressed and formed, it is sintered at a temperature of 1450 degrees Celsius, and then polished with diamond sand to make the surface brighter and more metallic. At the same time, zirconia ceramics are also perfect ceramic raw materials for making cutting knives and kitchen knives.
Silicon nitride ceramic is an inorganic material ceramic that does not shrink when sintered. Silicon nitride is very strong, especially hot-pressed silicon nitride, which is one of the hardest substances in the world. It has high strength, low density, high temperature resistance and other properties. Si3N4 ceramics is a covalent bond compound, the basic structural unit is [SiN4] tetrahedron, the silicon atom is located in the center of the tetrahedron, and there are four nitrogen atoms around it, which are respectively located at the four vertices of the tetrahedron, and then every three Each tetrahedron shares the form of an atom, forming a continuous and solid network structure in three-dimensional space. Its hardness is second only to diamond and cubic boron nitride, and it has excellent wear resistance and compression performance, while silicon nitride is one of the materials with the most such characteristics among ceramic materials. It comes in dark gray or black and has a mirror-like finish when polished. Commonly used in main engines of space shuttles, military missiles, and gyroscopes. The ultra-hardness of silicon nitride makes it a primary material for bearings in products such as marine fish reels, bicycle racing, skates, skateboards, and more.
Aluminum nitride ceramics: AIN crystal is covalently bonded compound with 〔AIN4〕 tetrahedron as the structural unit, has a wurtzite structure, and belongs to the hexagonal crystal system. Chemical composition AI 65.81%, N 34.19%, specific gravity 3.261g/cm3, white or off-white, single crystal colorless and transparent, sublimation decomposition temperature under normal pressure is 2450 ℃. It is a high-temperature heat-resistant material. Thermal expansion coefficient (4.0-6.0) X10-6/℃. The thermal conductivity of polycrystalline AIN is 260W/(m.k), which is 5-8 times higher than that of alumina, so it has good thermal shock resistance and can withstand extreme heat of 2200°C. In addition, aluminum nitride has the characteristics that it is not corroded by molten aluminum, other molten metals and gallium arsenide, especially has excellent corrosion resistance to molten aluminum.
Boron nitride ceramics have good heat resistance, thermal stability, thermal conductivity, and high-temperature dielectric strength, and are ideal heat dissipation materials and high-temperature insulating materials. Boron nitride has good chemical stability and can resist the corrosion of most molten metals. It also has good self-lubricating properties. Boron nitride products have low hardness and can be machined with an accuracy of 1/100mm. It is divided into two types: one is hexagonal boron nitride, which is similar to graphite and has high temperature resistance. It is known for its smooth and soft characteristics, and has many similarities with graphite. So it is also called "white graphite"; The other is cubic boron nitride, which has excellent hardness and is usually used for cutting, grinding and drilling. Boron nitride material is widely used in scientific research and industrial production due to its excellent adhesion, non-transformability and good lubricity.
Glass- ceramics, also known as machinable ceramics, is a mica glass-ceramic with synthetic mica as the main crystal phase, and is a ceramic material that can be machined. It has good processing performance, vacuum performance, electrical insulation properties, high temperature resistance, chemical corrosion resistance and other excellent properties. The most prominent feature of processability glass-ceramics is that standard metal processing tools and equipment can be used for turning, milling, planing, grinding, sawing, cutting and tapping, which is incomparable to ordinary 95 porcelain, silicon nitride porcelain and other insulating materials. of. The processing performance of glass-ceramics is similar to that of cast iron, and it can be processed into various products with complex shapes and high precision requirements. Although glass-ceramics are brittle and hard materials, as long as the processing route and clamping method are reasonably determined, the processing method is paid attention to, and the cutting amount is accurately selected, the tolerance level of general equipment can be controlled at IT7 level, and the finish can reach 0.5 microns. The machining accuracy is controlled at 0.005mm. If the processing equipment is excellent and the operator is skilled, the precision can reach μ level. As a new type of material just developed, glass-ceramic has good properties that make it more and more widely used in scientific research and experiments.
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